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Investigations, campaign tracking, technical research and practical defensive engineering. First-hand work from the team @ Lab539.

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[AnyDesk TAG] AnyDesk and ScreenConnect in a campaign targeting banking customers

An investigation into bank-themed fraud sites, signed malware, AnyDesk and unattended ScreenConnect access.

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Pre-Attack Indicators

Why intelligence discovered during adversary preparation deserves to be recognised and acted on.

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FulcrumSec - A look at their tradecraft

The tradecraft behind FulcrumSec’s campaigns, exposed credentials and cloud access.

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From Ethereum to DNS C2: Reverse Engineering the ClickFix Payload

Dissecting a ClickFix payload that uses Ethereum for discovery and DNS for command and control.

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From Compromised WordPress Sites to Blockchain-Backed Malware

Following ClickFix from compromised WordPress sites through blockchain-backed staging to malware.

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IPv6 Trends in User Account Compromises

The IPv6 address space is changing the economics of account takeover and IP-based blocking.

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What I Learned from Sitting in on a Scattered Spider Sentencing

Technical observations from the sentencing of two prominent Scattered Spider members.

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When DMCA Comes Knocking - Part 2: The Sign-in Window That Isn't

A close look at the browser-in-the-browser component of a DMCA-themed phishing kit.

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When DMCA Comes Knocking - A YouTube Creator Phishing Kit, Part 1

An investigation into the lures and infrastructure targeting YouTube creators.

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Blob URLs - The Phishing Disguise Hiding in Your Browser

How malicious sites hide phishing content using browser Blob URLs.

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Tycoon2FA is Down - What Happens Next?

The Tycoon2FA takedown and the operational questions it raises for defenders.

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Starkiller - A Reminder That a Residential Proxy Strategy is Needed

Mapping the infrastructure behind Starkiller and the role of residential proxy addresses.

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AiTM Detection

Looking beyond reactive alerts to detect adversary-in-the-middle infrastructure.

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Tracking ClickFix Infrastructure

An investigation into ClickFix delivery infrastructure and its overlap with other adversary operations.

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Azure Front Door AiTM Phishing

An AiTM investigation involving infrastructure placed behind Microsoft Azure Front Door.

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Where Conditional Access Risk Policies Fail...

Why certain Microsoft risk-policy configurations can mask successful AiTM attacks.

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AiTM Non-Incident Report

A real attempted AiTM compromise stopped by preventative Conditional Access controls.

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2024’s AiTM Activity In Numbers

Analysis of the AiTM infrastructure Lab539 tracked throughout 2024, including deployment timing, hosting choices and changing patterns.

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File Hosting Services Used for Identity Phishing

A look at which legitimate file-hosting providers are most often impersonated in identity phishing campaigns.

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Using Conditional Access Policies to Block Tor Exit Nodes in Entra ID

Using Microsoft Entra Conditional Access to deny authentication from Tor exit nodes.

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A Summary of 6 Months Tracking AiTM Campaigns

Early observations from Lab539’s original research identifying AiTM backend infrastructure before operational use.

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The Cyber Defenders Kill Chain (TCDO Part 2)

A defender-oriented view of the attack lifecycle and how it informs tailored cyber defence.

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Applying Context, Controlling Adversaries (TCDO Part 1)

Why defensive context matters more than following adversary tradecraft in isolation.

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Cyber Security, Fuel Terminals and Operational Networks

The cyber threat to downstream oil and fuel terminals, and principles for protecting operational networks.

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Inside Akira Ransomware Negotiations

Observations from Akira ransomware negotiations and what they reveal about adversary behaviour.

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